The invention concerns a neuroprotective and retinoprotective medicine, whereof the active principle is selected among a group of compounds consisting of ramipril, ramiprilat or any other ramiprilat derivative capable of releasing it in the organism whereto it is administered. Said medicine is used for prevention, or even for improving visual acuity and visual field in normal subjects, as well as for treating ophthalmologic pathologies involving a vascular factor, in particular glaucomatous neuropathy, degenerative choriopathy of strong myopia, age-related maculopathy, serous central chorioretinopathy, hereditary dystrophy of the retina and retinal venous occlusions. It almost invariably improves the visual function (acuity and visual field).