The invention is directed to the induction of mitochondrial membrane
permeabilization via the physical and functional interaction of the HIV-1
Vpr protein with the mitochondrial inner membrane protein ANT (adenine
nucleotide translocator, also called adenine nucleotide translocase or
ADP/ATP carrier). Reagents and methods for inducing and/or inhibiting the
binding of Vpr to ANT, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and
apoptosis are provided.