The invention is an animal repellant composition containing one or more
toxins, including for example one or more alkaloids isolated from for
example, one or more members of the family Narcissus, and optionally
containing one or more polymers, including for example one or more
bioerodible polymers and/or more non-absorbable polymers. The animal
repellant composition is useful for repelling animals from vegetation and
for rendering vegetation unpalatable to animals. The invention also
includes methods for repelling animals, as well as methods for treating
vegetation to render the vegetation unpalatable to animals, such animals
including for example, deer, voles, moles, ground hogs, mice, rats,
rodents, raccoons, nematodes, larvae, worms, fungi, molds, bacteria,
vegetative organisms, and insects. A suberin-polymer-repellant chemical
complex and a method for treating damaged vegetation are also disclosed.
Various other systems and methods for complexing biopolymers, toxins, and
polymers for treating plants, microbially inactivating the bioburden of
vegetation, and for repelling animals are disclosed.