A method and an apparatus for encoding/decoding RS (Reed-Solomon) code using a binary equivalence method of bit level. The apparatus includes a binary conversion unit for converting non-binary symbols outputted from a source information inputting unit into binary symbols and getting bit level RS code using a binary equivalence of the RS code, an encoding unit for generating row and column vectors using the bit level RS code as a component code, and a decoding unit for decoding the row and column vectors using the binary equivalence of the RS code for the bit level RS sequence.