The present invention is an improved electro-optical device comprising a
substrate-supported layer of electro-optical material disposed between
upper and lower electrodes. Conventional practice has been to make the
electrodes thick to minimize electrical loss. Applicants, in contrast,
have discovered that the performance of the device can be improved by
making the electrodes thin--typically about 2 microns or less and
preferably about 0.5 micron or less. While the thin electrodes take a
relatively large loss penalty at low frequencies, at higher frequencies
the thin electrodes provide a relatively low loss, thus producing a
flattened frequency response as compared with thick electrode devices.
The device can maintain a wide operating bandwidth at frequencies of
interest for optical transmission while reducing the required drive
voltage.