An MAS probe is disclosed for obtaining a substantial improvement in
signal to noise (S/N) in triple-resonance high-resolution (HR)
magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR of samples near room temperature (RT) in
high-field magnets where the magnet's RT shim bore is greater than 60 mm.
All critical circuit components, including the sample coils, are located
along with the spinner assembly in a thermally insulated cold zone
pressurized with helium gas. The spinner assembly attaches to a sealed,
curved, rotor-loading tube to permit automatic sample change, and it is
surrounded by a partially insulated jacket cooled with a cryogenic fluid,
generally nitrogen gas. The MAS probe is also compatible with magic angle
gradients, variable temperature operation, field locking, and commonly
available closed-cycle cold fingers. One major challenge in implementing
CryoMAS is solving the problem of gas leakage from the spinner bearing,
drive, and exhaust nitrogen into the cold zone, as some components will
necessarily be ceramic, some plastic, and some metal. It is not desirable
to use helium for the spinner bearing and drive gases for cost reasons
and to prevent risk of degradation of o-ring-sealed magnet cryostats. A
pressurized helium atmosphere in the cold zone may be utilized to prevent
nitrogen flow from the spinner exhaust streams or atmosphere into the
cold zone. The drawback to a pressurized cold zone is that the heat
transfer coefficient in dense helium at low temperatures is very high,
making it challenging to cool the sample coils and all the large,
critical, circuit components in a practical manner. Part of the solution
here is to use a first-stage cooling-jacket around the major heat leaks
near the spinner exhaust flows. The critical components may be insulated
with fine glass wool or teflon foam and conduction cooled without cooling
much of the cold zone below the temperature of the first-stage cooling.
The use of coaxial sapphire capacitors allows the noise contributions
from the most critical capacitors to be reduced to a minor fraction of
the total.