A circulator is used as a notch filter having a notch at a notch frequency
band outside its frequency band of operation as a circulator. It has been
observed that circulators operate as a notch filter at a relatively
narrow band of operation outside its typical band of operation as a
circulator. In certain embodiments, the circulator operates as a
narrowband notch filter with sharp edges. Such a notch filter can be used
between frequency bands carrying communications signals to reduce energy
from one frequency band from spilling into a different frequency band.
Since the notch has been observed to be relatively narrow and deep with
sharp edges, such a notch filter can be used to reduce the guard bands
between frequency bands, thereby increasing the amount of bandwidth that
can de used to transmit communications signals. Furthermore, since a
typical ferrite circulator is a relatively low cost component, the
resulting notch filter can also be of low cost.