A description is given of an optionally fluorinated polyurethane-polymer hybrid dispersion with enhanced surface properties (low critical surface tensions .gamma..sub.c and very high contact angles .theta.) which is obtainable by a) preparing a dispersion component (binder) based on an aqueous solution or dispersion of an optionally hydroxy- and/or amino-functional polyurethane-polymer hybrid having optionally fluorinated side chains and, if desired, b) subsequently reacting the dispersion component from stage a) with a crosslinker component (D). The polyurethane-polymer hybrid dispersion of the invention can be prepared in solvent-free or low-solvent fashion and with high solids content and requires only a very low level of stabilizing groups.