The present invention comprises a vacuum end effector having workpiece
supports that work in conjunction with distorted workpiece surfaces. In
one embodiment, each workpiece support has the ability to gimbal and
conform the workpiece surface in contact with an outer edge of the
support. Each workpiece support preferably provides a knife-like contact
edge to minimize the contact area between the support and the workpiece
while still providing an effective vacuum area to hold the wafer securely
on the support. In another embodiment, each workpiece support is
replaceable without having to remove the end effector from the robot
assembly