A nonvolatile memory cell is provided. The memory cell includes a storage
transistor and an injector in a well of an n-type conductivity. The well
is formed in a semiconductor substrate of a p-type conductivity. The
storage transistor comprises a source, a drain, a channel, and a charge
storage region. The source and the drain are formed in the well and
having the p-type conductivity with the channel of the well defined
therebetween. The charge storage region is disposed over and insulated
from the channel region by an insulator. Further provided are methods
operating the memory cell, including means for injecting electrons from
the channel through the insulator onto the charge storage region and
means for injecting holes from the injector through the well through the
channel through the insulator onto the charge storage region. The memory
cell can be implemented in a conventional logic CMOS process.