A technique for dynamically calibrating a successive approximation charge
to digital converter by toggling at least some portion of the converter
between two predetermined states, with the design goal of balancing the
voltage and/or charge that is output in the two states. The two states
are chosen such that they are expected to generate the same output
voltage when the converter is in normal operation mode. If there is an
imbalance, switching between the two calibration states invariably
generates a square wave signal that toggles between two distinct values.
A synchronous demodulator having a bandwidth centered at the toggle
frequency can then be used to accurately detect an amount of error, which
is then feedback to generate correction signals. The detected value of
the error signal can in turn can be further integrated over time, to
provide a correction value. If there are undesirable static offsets
introduced by the synchronous demodulator or by the signal and/or charge
levels output by the two differential halves of the converter, a properly
timed latch can be used to further stabilize the error signal.