The present invention is related to glucose sensors that are capable of
detecting the concentration or level of glucose in a solution or fluid
having either low or high ionic strength. The glucose sensors of the
present invention comprise a polymerized crystalline colloidal array
(PCCA) and a molecular recognition component capable of responding to
glucose. The molecular recognition component may be a boronic acid, such
as a phenylboronic acid, glucose oxidase, a combination of phenylboronic
acid and poly(ethylene)glycol or crown ether, or another component
capable of detecting glucose in various fluids and solutions. The glucose
sensors of the present invention may be useful in the development of
noninvasive or minimally invasive in vivo glucose sensors for patients
having diabetes mellitus.