A new annular-core optical fiber is useful, inter alia, for stabilizing the behavior of an optical attenuator based on a Long Period Grating (LPG) against fluctuations in the polarization of the fundamental optical signal. The fiber dimensions and .DELTA.n are selected such that when a LPG of some period is used to couple fundamental-mode radiation in the fiber into higher-order modes, the wavelength of peak coupling into an HE mode is removed by at least 30 nm from the wavelength of peak coupling into the nearer of a TE mode or a TM mode.

 
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> Liaison technology to connect plural end user devices to an interface for a computing resource having one port assigned to the interface

> Installation of processing units into a stored program controlled system wherein the component processing units are interconnected via free space optics
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