The invention relates to formulations and methods for preventing and/or
treating substance abuse, addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and
anticipation associated with substance abuse. In particular the invention
relates to formulations comprising at least one processed Morinda
citrifolia L. product, and methods comprising the administration of at
least one processed Morinda citrifolia L product to prevent and/or treat
substance abuse, addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and anticipation
associated with substance abuse in living organisms. Embodiments of the
invention further comprise Morinda citrifolia based nutraceuticals and
administration thereof to affect regulation of dopamine levels,
inhibition of opioid receptors, inhibition of mu opioid receptors,
inhibition of kappa opioid receptors, inhibition of delta opioid
receptors, acting as NMDA antagonist, inhibition of sensitization of NMDA
receptors, and/or acting as opiate antagonists.