In road white line recognition apparatus and method, a road extended in a forward direction of a vehicle is photographed through a photographing device, a deflection luminance information when a luminance information of an image photographed by the photographing device is represented by a luminance information that a surface of the road naturally has and the deflection luminance information from which the luminance information that the road surface naturally has is excluded is detected on the basis of an approximation function obtained by approximating the luminance information of the photographed image to a horizontal direction of the photographed image, a normalized luminance information is detected by removing the deflection luminance information from the luminance information of the photographed image, and a road white line is detected on the basis of the normalized luminance information.