A method for forming a conductive via or through-wafer interconnect (TWI)
in a semiconductive substrate for use as a contact card, test connector,
semiconductor package interposer, or die interconnect includes the acts
of (a) forming an oxide or nitride layer on both sides of the substrate,
(b) forming a precursor aperture in the substrate at a desired location
by laser or etch, (c) further etching the precursor aperture to enlarge
and shape at least a portion thereof with undercut portions below an
initial etch mask layer, (d) lining the aperture with a passivation
material, (e) filling the aperture with a conductive material, and (f)
thinning one or both surfaces of the substrate to achieve desired
stand-off distances of the opposed via ends. The shaped via aperture has
an enlarged central portion, and one or more end portions which taper to
smaller end surfaces. The one or more via end portions may be trapezoidal
in shape. A further rounding etch act following the shaping etch will
result in a rounded, i.e., frustoconical, shape. The shape is conducive
to improved solder ball/bump attachment, and enables forming vias of very
small diameter and pitch.