A ferroelectric reference circuit generates a reference voltage
proportional to (P+U)/2 and is automatically centered between the bit
line voltages corresponding to the P term and the U term across wide
temperature and voltage ranges. To avoid fatiguing the reference
ferroelectric capacitors generating (P+U)/2, the reference voltage is
refreshed once every millisecond. To eliminate the variation of the
reference voltage due to the leakage in the ferroelectric capacitors
during this period of time, the reference voltage generated from the
reference ferroelectric capacitors is digitized when it is refreshed. The
digital value is fixed and converted to an analog value which is then fed
into sense amplifiers for resolving the data states. The reference
voltage is automatically at the center of the switching (P) and
non-switching (U) signals and therefore the signal margin is maximized.