An anode with a multi-layer structure including a first layer (21) having carbon as a main component, and a second layer (22) having lithium-ion conductivity and including a material as a main component thereof which can insert and extract lithium ions, or a multi-layer structure including a third layer (23) containing lithium in addition to the first layer and the second layer, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The lithium secondary battery can be provided in which the battery capacity is substantially enhanced in the voltage range where the battery is actually used while maintaining the higher charge-discharge efficiency and the excellent cycle performance.