A novel soybean cultivar, designated S030158, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar S030158, to the plants of soybean S030158 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar S030158 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar S030158 with another soybean cultivar.