A myriad of permutations of void-maintaining membrane laminates are
provided. Laminates of the invention are particularly useful for
providing high performance drainage within layered paved structures such
as highways, airport runways and parking lots. Void-maintaining laminates
of the invention comprise compression elements that are shaped, adapted
and arranged to cooperate with base and upper layers such that superior
flow capacities are attained through their void spaces, channels and
paths, even under pressures in excess of 5,000 lbs per square inch.