An X-ray analysis apparatus is disclosed, in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are applied to a sample and a two-dimensional CCD sensor detects the X-rays diffracted by the sample. The X-ray analysis apparatus has a 2.theta.-rotation drive and a program. The 2.theta.-rotation drive moves the two-dimensional CCD sensor. The program is executed to control the motion of the CCD sensor. The 2.theta.-rotation drive rotates the CCD sensor around .omega.-axis that extends over the surface of the sample. The program synchronizes the transfer of charges in the CCD sensor with the motion of the CCD sensor driven by the 2.theta.-rotation drive. Hence, data items for the same diffraction angle can be accumulated in the pixels of the two-dimensional CCD sensor. This achieves high-speed and high-sensitivity in detection of diffracted X-rays.