An image display apparatus including a first substrate on which electron sources having electron-emitting devices are arranged, a second substrate forming a display image by being irradiated with electrons, and a spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the spacer provided with an insulating substrate and a resistance film covering the insulating substrate. An area deeper in the resistance film into which a penetration of the electron is smaller is set to have lower resistance. Thereby, even if resistance is changed near the surface of the resistance film of the spacer by being exposed to the electron irradiation when the image display apparatus has been driven for a long time, the resistance value of the whole resistance film is almost kept to be a desired resistance value by means of the deeper area having the low resistance, and consequently the variation of the resistance value of the spacer resistance film, the variations of electron orbits owing to a change of a potential distribution, and the disturbance of image display caused by the potential distribution can be suppressed.