Enhanced telepresence and telesurgery systems automatically update
coordinate transformations so as to retain alignment between movement of
an input device and movement of an end effector as displayed adjacent the
input device. A processor maps a controller workspace with an end
effector workspace, and effects movement of the end effector in response
to the movement of the input device. This allows the use of kinematically
dissimilar master and slave linkages. Gripping an input member near a
gimbal point and appropriate input member to end effector mapping points
enhance the operator's control. Dexterity is enhanced by accurately
tracking orientational and/or angles of movement, even if linear movement
distances of the end effector do not correspond to those of the input
device.