A rechargeable battery with a nonaqueous electrolyte using a constituent material, which has high energy density and a high level of safety. The constituent material includes a positive electrode having a lithium compound-containing active material and a current collector, and a negative electrode facing the positive electrode. The negative electrode an active material and a current collector. At least one of the current collectors being formed of an assembly of rectangular sheet pieces. The constituent material satisfies formula S/.chi..ltoreq..alpha..times.d, where d represents distance between the current collectors which face each other; S represents the largest facing area in one rectangular sheet piece in the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector; .chi. represents aspect ratio of one rectangular sheet piece in the positive electrode or negative electrode current collector; and .alpha. is a coeffieient which is a number of 900 to 720.