This document pertains generally to the field of nerve regeneration and more particularly to functional recovery after nerve injury or transection. For example, this document provides a silicon chip device coupled with field effect (or other types of) transistors, growth permissive chemical substrates, and trophic molecules that together can enable the rapid and successful regeneration of injured nerves. Such devices can be used to stimulate continually the transected target tissue to create an environment that is highly conducive to growth and reinnervation.