While transforming an analog input voltage into a digital signal including
several bits, an analog-to-digital converter including a built-in self
test (BIST) circuit is used for performing the transformation and
compensating an offset error of the analog input voltage. The operations
of the digital-to-analog converter include a self test mode and a normal
mode. And each of the self test mode and the normal mode includes a
sampling phase and a bit cycling phase.