Disclosed embodiments address contaminant management challenges that arise
during production of desirably contaminant free product fluid in the
operation of PSA equipment, and further address the more serious
challenges that arise under intermittent operation of PSA equipment. One
disclosed embodiment of a PSA apparatus, intended primarily for normal
operating cycle speeds of at least 3 cycles per minute, includes a
breather fluidly coupled to a feed end of an adsorber with a
contaminant-sensitive adsorbent. The breather can be coupled to the feed
end through a shutoff valve closed during production and open during
shutdown. Other disclosed embodiments of the PSA apparatus used
particular sealing strategies for additional sealing of the apparatus, or
at least components thereof, from contaminant ingress.