An electrical feedthrough assembly according to the invention can be used
as a component of an implantable medical device (IMD) and/or or
electrochemical cell. An IMD includes implantable pulse generators,
cardioverter-defibrillators, physiologic sensors, drug-delivery systems,
etc. Such assemblies require biocompatibility and resistance to
degradation under applied bias current or voltage. In some forms of the
invention, such assemblies are fabricated by using electrically common,
multiply-interconnected electrical pathways including metallized vias and
interlayer structures of conductive metallic material within bores and
between ceramic layers. The layers are stacked together and sintered to
form a substantially monolithic dielectric structure with at least one
electrically common embedded metallization pathway extending through the
structure. The metallization pathway reliably conducts electrical signals
even when exposed to body fluids and tissue and providing electrical
communication between internal IMD circuitry and active electrical
components and/or circuitry coupled to the exterior of an IMD.