A waveguide turn having two waveguides oriented at an angle with respect
to one another and optically coupled to one another by a reflective
surface. In one embodiment, the reflective surface is a side of a trench
formed in the core and cladding regions of the waveguides, which is
designed to reflect light based on total internal reflection (TIR). The
reflective surface can be designed to have an appropriate curved shape to
reduce coupling losses between the waveguides. Due to relatively sharp
turn (reflection) angles accessible with the reflective surface, the
circuit area occupied by a waveguide turn of the invention is
significantly smaller than that for a typical prior-art waveguide turn.