A device for sample handling directly illuminates the sample in sample compartment 36 with its corresponding image 22 on display panel 18. The device contains a sample tray 30, a computer 10 installed with custom software, and a visual display panel 18. The device supports defining, testing, and executing a sample handling protocol with high accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility. The device is also portable and inexpensive to build. A user can transfer samples from source locations to destination locations under the guidance of this device without memorizing the protocol or reading instructions on a printed material. A user can also record data for certain characteristics of samples under the guidance of this device. With the invented device, the risk of locating a wrong sample or placing a sample at a wrong location can be minimized and sample handling operations become more efficient and less stressful.