A method, apparatus, system, and signal-bearing medium that in an embodiment map a pointer to a target indirectly via a pointer map. In an embodiment, the pointer map is stored in a reserved area and an entry for the pointer in the pointer map includes a back-pointer containing an address of the pointer and a target-address containing the address of the target. When the pointer is accessed, the pointer is checked to ensure its contents point at the entry in the pointer map in the reserved area and that the back-pointer in the pointer map entry points back at the pointer. In this way, pointers are protected from being modified illegitimately.

 
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> Method and apparatus for mirroring data stored in a mass storage system

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