Insulin sensitivity increasing substances (ISIS), including but not limited to D-chiro-inositol, thiazolidinedione and derivatives, and biguanides, are useful in the treatment of hair loss and other disorders of the pilosebaceous apparatus (hirsutism, acne, etc.) associated with conditions of excess insulin and/or insulin resistance. The treatment comprises administering to a mammal, such as a human, at least one ISIS either alone or in combination with at least one agent, such as an androgen receptor blocker (ARB) and/or a steroid enzyme inhibitor or inducer (STI). Additionally, an activity enhancing agent may be included for topical administration.