Proteins modified by pharmacological preconditioning are provided. Compositions, methods and events for modulating these proteins and priming cells for preconditioning and inducing preconditioning in a cell, tissue or organ as well as methods for identifying new compositions and methods for such priming and induction are also provided. In addition, methods for diagnosing and monitoring preconditioning or ischemic, hypoxic, ischemic/reperfusion and hypoxic/reperfusion conditions or the ability of a cell, tissue or organ to survive injury by measuring modulation of one or more of these preconditioning proteins are provided.