An apparatus (and method) for launching a modulated optical signal,
includes a waveguide, an antenna structure for communicating with the
waveguide and with an externally-applied optical field and having an
output port, and an electrically-variable-impedance device connected at
the antenna's output port, capable of responding at a frequency of an
externally-applied optical field and having its impedance at the optical
frequency changed by an applied electrical signal.