The present invention provides a transformed silkworm which has a polynucleotide encoding human collagen within the genomic DNA and produces recombinant human collagen as a part of proteins in the cocoon or the silk gland; a process for producing recombinant human collagen by using this transformed silkworm; and a recombinant vector for use in the generation of the transformed silkworm. Since human collagen is collected from the cocoon discharged by this transformed silkworm or its silk gland, highly pure human collagen can be conveniently obtained in a large amount. Moreover, because the recombinant human collagen produced by the transformed silkworm is safe collagen which is free from any fear of the contamination with pathogens such as viruses or prions and exhibits no antigenicity toward humans. Thus, it can be utilized in various industrial fields including medicines, foods, cosmetics and the like.