A method of depositing a metal film on a substrate includes a
supercritical preclean step, a supercritical desorb step, and a metal
deposition step. Preferably, the preclean step comprises maintaining
supercritical carbon dioxide and a chelating agent in contact with the
substrate in order to remove an oxide layer from a metal surface of the
substrate. More preferably, the preclean step comprises maintaining the
supercritical carbon dioxide, the chelating agent, and an acid in contact
with the substrate. Alternatively, the preclean step comprises
maintaining the supercritical carbon dioxide and an amine in contact with
the oxide layer. The desorb step comprises maintaining supercritical
carbon dioxide in contact with the substrate in order to remove adsorbed
material from the substrate. The metal deposition step then deposits the
metal film on the substrate without exposing the substrate to an
oxidizing material which oxidizes the metal surface of the precleaned
substrate and without exposing the substrate to a nonvolatile adsorbing
material which adsorbs to the substrate. An apparatus for depositing the
metal film on a substrate includes a transfer module, a supercritical
processing module, a vacuum module, and a metal deposition module. The
supercritical processing module is coupled to the transfer module. The
vacuum module couples the metal deposition module to the transfer module.
In operation, the apparatus for depositing the metal film performs the
supercritical preclean step, the supercritical desorb step, and the metal
deposition step.