Electrophoretic display devices and contactless communication media are provided. A display electrode pattern, a first voltage application circuit to apply a voltage between the display electrode pattern and a transparent electrode, and a wiring pattern that electrically conducts the first voltage application circuit and the display electrode pattern are provided on the side of the back surface of a substrate. Also, a BG electrode pattern, a loop pattern of a predetermined height, and the transparent electrode are provided on the side of the surface of the substrate. Multiple electrophoretic particles and a dispersion medium to disperse the electrophoretic particles are enclosed inside the loop pattern and between the substrate and the transparent electrode. A voltage is applied between the transparent electrode and the display electrode pattern by the first voltage application circuit thereby causing the electrophoretic particles to migrate in the dispersion medium to display a desired image.

 
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> Projection objective for microlithography

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