In the methods for treatment of caustic effluents described in the
specification, a spent caustic refinery effluent is supplied to a
submerged combustion gas evaporator in which hot combustion gas
containing carbon dioxide is injected into the caustic liquid to
concentrate the liquid and convert a hydroxide constituent to a
carbonate. Where the caustic effluent is from a petroleum refinery, oil
in the waste liquid is separated from the aqueous constituent before,
during or after concentration.