Programmable material consolidation systems employing a machine vision system in combination with a 3-D printing system for accurately locating a position over a support element and optionally on a substrate on the support element, and forming structural features thereon. By use of the machine vision system, the precise location on a substrate or support element may be determined and communicated to the dispense element of the 3-D printing system such that a flowable material may be deposited and consolidated at a desired location to form a structural feature. Methods for forming various features and structures on a substrate employing the systems of the present invention are also disclosed.