A multi-section filter is provided for use in processing optical signals
and other signals that can be readily projected from one filter section
to another. Filters of the invention can be configured in numerous forms,
including IIR and FIR filters and both linear and 2D active optical
lattice filters. Filter sections are coupled together by means of four
direction couplers and surface grating couplers, and may be implemented
as GSE photonic integrated circuit devices.