A packaged integrated circuit includes a die surrounded by an encapsulant
in which leads are used to electrically connect the die, which is
internal to the encapsulant, externally. The leads have a primary metal
that is used for electrical conduction and physical support. The external
portion of the lead is coated with another metal, typically tin, that is
useful for soldering. This tin layer is formed in a manner that ensures
that it is porous. Although porous is generally thought to be a bad
characteristic, it turns out to be very effective in absorbing stress and
thus retarding whisker growth. Whisker growth, which can short adjacent
leads together as well as cause other deleterious effects, has been a
major source of failures in packaged integrated circuits. An additional
layer of very thin tin that is non-porous can be added before or after
the porous tin layer has been deposited.