Oral phototherapy applicators are disclosed that are sized and shaped so as to fit at least partially in a user's mouth and have at least one radiation emitting element coupled to an apparatus body to irradiate a portion of the oral cavity with phototherapeutic radiation along multiple directions. In one aspect, the apparatus is configured to direct radiation to at least one portion of the oral cavity, such as the teeth, cheeks, tongue, palate, throat, lymphatic tissue, blood, glands, follicles, collagen, pigmentation or facial tissue, generally. The apparatus can further include bristles to provide a phototherapeutic toothbrush. Alternatively, the apparatus body can be adapted for placement in a fixed position relative to the oral cavity during phototherapy.