Methods, manufactures, machines and compositions are described for
nanotransfer and nanoreplication using deterministically grown
sacrificial nanotemplates. An apparatus includes a substrate and a
nanoconduit material coupled to a surface of the substrate, where the
substrate defines an aperture and the nanoconduit material defines a
nanoconduit that is i) contiguous with the aperture and ii) aligned
substantially non-parallel to a plane defined by the surface of the
substrate. An apparatus includes a substrate and a nanoreplicant
structure coupled to a surface of the substrate.