A method and computer program product are described for detecting and identifying airborne particular matter comprising a plurality of particles. The backscatter induced by each of the particles under a light source is measured to determine a backscatter value for each particle. The autofluorescence intensity of each of the particles around at least one characteristic wavelength is then measured to obtain at least one autofluorescence intensity value for each particle. The measured autofluorescence intensities and the backscatter values from the plurality of particles are processed to determine if a potential biohazard exists. At least one autofluorescence intensity value for each particle is provided to a pattern recognition classifier if a potential biohazard is present. The classifier is trained to recognize at least one variety of airborne particulate matter.