In a video coding method, it is determined to code input video data according a technique selected from the group of: (a) intra-coding, (b) inter-coding without a residual and (c) inter-coding with a residual, wherein inter-coding codes the input video data with reference to coded video data at another time. When it is determined to code the input video data according to type (c) decoded video data of another frame is decoded and the the input data is coded according to the selected technique.