The invention relates to systems and methods of treating water by
directing the water to a first reverse osmosis (RO) membrane; separating
the water using the first RO membrane; adding a chelating agent to first
permeate and/or raising the pH of the first permeate to between about 5.5
and 7.5 before a second RO membrane; and separating the first permeate
into a second permeate and a second concentrate using the second RO
membrane, thereby separating constituents from the water.