Calculating the phase shifts assigned to the elements of a phased array
antenna such that the resulting beam is shaped to serve a desired area of
operation (AOO) has historically been computationally burdensome and
often required expert intervention. To maximize computational speed,
synthesis of shaped phased-array antenna beams is performed by
linearizing the antenna pattern equation and then iteratively performing
a mini-norm solution at each step until a solution is reached. In
particular, this approach is performed in such a manner that eliminates
the need for a pre-computed target and is also performed such that at
each iteration the change in an element's phase is adapted to remain
within a threshold range. As a result, phased array beam patterns may be
synthesized and applied to phased-array antennas so as to allow real time
tracking of AOOs on the Earth from Low and Medium Earth Orbit satellites.