According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean variety designated XB005B06. This invention thus relates to the seeds of soybean variety XB005B06, to the plants of soybean XB005B06 to plant parts of soybean variety XB005B06 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing plants of the soybean variety XB005B06 with another soybean plant, using XB005B06 as either the male or the female parent.