A mechanical interface for providing high bandwidth and low noise
mechanical input and output for computer systems. A gimbal mechanism
includes multiple members that are pivotably coupled to each other to
provide two revolute degrees of freedom to a user manipulatable about a
pivot point located remotely from the members at about an intersection of
the axes of rotation of the members. A linear axis member, coupled to the
user object, is coupled to at least one of the members, extends through
the remote pivot point and is movable in the two rotary degrees of
freedom and a third linear degree of freedom. Transducers associated with
the provided degrees of freedom include sensors and actuators and provide
an electromechanical interface between the object and a computer. Capstan
band drive mechanisms transmit forces between the transducers and the
object and include a capstan and flat bands, where the flat bands
transmit motion and force between the capstan and interface members.
Applications include simulations of medical procedures, e.g. epidural
anesthesia, where the user object is a needle or other medical
instrument, or other types of simulations or games.