An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer member, and a transfer member cleaning apparatus. The transfer member cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning blade and a rotatable cleaning member around the transfer member. A transfer member where a developer image is transferred from the image bearing member onto a transfer material, the cleaning blade, and the rotatable cleaning member are disposed in this order from an upstream side to a downstream side in a rotation direction of the transfer member. During a cleaning operation of the transfer member cleaning apparatus, developer in an amount corresponding to one to three layers of the developer passes through between the cleaning blade and the transfer member.